Tuberculin Skin Test
A TB skin test (also known as Mantoux) is performed to determine whether a person has been infected with the Tuberculosis (TB) bacteria. It tests for a latent TB infection and not an active TB disease.
The Tuberculin (Mantoux) Skin Test (TST) is a reliable and established method for assessing exposure to tuberculosis (TB) bacteria. It tests for a latent TB infection and not an active TB disease.
Not everyone infected with tuberculosis (TB) exhibits symptoms or becomes ill. There are two TB-related conditions: TB disease and latent TB infection (LTBI). Individuals with LTBI do not show symptoms, feel unwell, or pose a risk of infecting others. However, those with TB disease must seek appropriate treatment, as the disease can be fatal if left untreated.
WHAT IS TUBERCULOSIS?
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs, but can also impact other parts of the body, including the brain and kidneys. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, producing tiny droplets containing the bacteria. TB can manifest in several forms, with pulmonary tuberculosis being the most common.
Symptoms of TB largely depend on where the TB bacteria grow. TB in the lungs can include symptoms, including a severe cough lasting 3 weeks or longer, chest pain, as well as coughing up sputum (phlegm from deep inside the lungs) or blood. Other TB symptoms can include weight loss, lack of appetite, fever, chills, night sweats, weakness, or fatigue.
Early detection is essential to prevent serious health complications and to control the spread of this disease within communities.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST?
The Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) serves to identify individuals who may have been infected with the TB bacteria, even if they do not show symptoms. Early detection through the TST allows for timely intervention and treatment, reducing the risk of transmission and complications.
HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST?
Preparing for the Tuberculin Skin Test is simple. No special measures are required, but individuals are encouraged to inform their healthcare provider about any current medical conditions, medications, or history of allergic reactions. No prior fasting or specific arrangements are necessary.
HOW IS THE TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST DONE?
A Tuberculin (Mantoux) Skin Test (TB Skin Test) can be performed at Brintnell Pharmacy and Travel Clinic. The Tuberculin Skin Test involves a quick and minimally invasive procedure. The staff at our clinic will administer the test by injecting the inner surface of the forearm with a small amount (0.1 ml) of tuberculin purified protein derivative (or PPD).
After the injection, it is important to avoid covering the area or applying pressure. A follow-up visit is required within 48 to 72 hours to evaluate the injection site.
WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF DOING A TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST?
The Tuberculin Skin Test is generally safe, with minimal risks. Some individuals may experience mild pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site. In rare cases, allergic reactions may occur. Those with a history of severe reactions to PPD should inform their healthcare provider before testing.
HOW TO READ THE RESULTS OF A TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST?
The results of the TB skin test are read 48 to 72 hours after the injection is administered. A healthcare professional will measure the size of any firm swelling (induration) on the forearm, if present. The appearance of this reaction, which may resemble a bruise, will help determine whether the TB skin test result is negative or positive.
For TB skin tests, a negative result usually means that the person is not infected with the TB bacteria. A positive TB skin test typically indicates a latent TB infection, which may require further evaluation. However, a positive result can also occur due to the TB vaccine (BCG), leading to a false positive.
False positive results can occur in TB skin tests, meaning the test reads positive even though the person is not actually infected. Several factors that can lead to false positive results include:
- Previous TB vaccination
- Cross-reactivity with other medications or medical conditions
If a person does not return within 72 hours of their test for the reading, they will need to be rescheduled for another skin test.
WHO NEEDS THE TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST (TST) in EDMONTON?
You should be tested for TB if you fall into one of the following categories:
- Healthcare workers, students, RCMP, teachers, educational assistants, and occupational therapists
- You work in a healthcare facility, laboratory, or other organization that deals with TB or TB patients
- Immunocompromised: You are about to undergo a treatment that will weaken your immune system (e.g., treatments for autoimmune conditions like Crohn’s disease or rheumatoid arthritis, or organ transplant recipients).
PHARMACIST’S TIP: WHERE TO GET A TB SKIN TEST?
At Brintnell Pharmacy and Travel Clinic, we provide Tuberculin Skin Tests (TST) for healthcare students and employees. We have a pharmacist who has been trained to know how to administer and how to read the TB skin test.
If you have a positive TB skin test result, you will be referred to a family doctor or Tuberculosis Services for a chest x-ray and possibly other tests.
Contact the friendly team at Brintnell Pharmacy today if you have any more questions about TB or need to book a TB skin test.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQS) ABOUT TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST (TST):
The Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test, is a vital tool for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). It involves the intradermal injection of a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) and assesses the body’s immune response after a specific period. Understanding this test, its purpose, results, and implications is key for both healthcare professionals and patients.
- How Does Tuberculosis (TB) Spread?
Tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Individuals nearby can inhale the bacteria and become infected in this manner.
2. What Are The Symptoms of Tuberculosis (TB)?
Common symptoms of TB include a persistent cough (often accompanied by blood or mucus), chest pain, painful breathing, weight loss, fatigue, fever, chills, and night sweats.
3. What Is Latent Tuberculosis (TB)?
Latent TB occurs when the TB bacteria live in your body without causing illness. In this state, the bacteria are dormant and not actively multiplying. Individuals with latent TB cannot infect others with the bacteria.
4. How is Tuberculosis (TB) Diagnosed?
Tuberculosis (TB) can be diagnosed using a combination of various tests. The most common method is the TB skin test. Other diagnostic options may include blood tests, chest X-rays, and sputum samples (a mixture of saliva and mucus that has been coughed up) to identify the bacteria.
5. How much does a Tuberculin skin test (TST) cost?
The cost of a TB skin test may vary based on several factors, including your location and the specific clinic you visit. For more information on the test procedure and pricing, please contact Brintnell Pharmacy and Travel Clinic.
6. Tuberculin skin test (TST): How does it work?
A Tuberculin skin test (TST) involves a two-step process. First, a small amount (0.1 ml) of tuberculin purified protein derivative is injected. The second step is a waiting period of 48 to a maximum of 72 hours, during which the test results are assessed to determine if they are negative or positive.
7. Does a Tuberculin skin test (TST) have side effects?
If the Tuberculin skin test (TST) is positive, the injection site may become swollen and possibly itchy. Serious allergic reactions are rare. If you experience any unusual or severe side effects, please contact Brintnell Pharmacy and Travel Clinic immediately.
8. What is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST)?
The tuberculin skin test is a diagnostic method used to identify whether a person has been exposed to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). It measures the immune response to a protein derived from the TB bacteria.
9. How is the tuberculin skin test (TST) performed?
The test is performed by injecting a small amount of tuberculin (PPD) into the skin, usually on the forearm. After 48 to 72 hours, the injection site is examined for a reaction.
10. What does a positive result indicate?
A positive result indicates that the person has been exposed to TB bacteria at some point. However, it does not confirm the active disease, and further testing, like a chest X-ray or sputum test, is usually required to determine if active TB is present.
11. Are there any side effects associated with the Tuberculin Skin Test?
Side effects are generally mild and can include local reactions at the injection site, such as redness, swelling, or discomfort. Serious allergic reactions are rare.
12. Can the Tuberculin Skin Test result be affected by prior BCG vaccination?
Yes, individuals who have received the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine may have a false-positive result. A healthcare professional may consider other assessment methods in such cases.
13. What does a negative result mean?
A negative result typically indicates that the individual has not been infected with TB bacteria.
14. How can one prepare for the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST)?
There is no special preparation required for the test. Patients should inform healthcare providers about any recent vaccines, medical conditions, or medications that may affect the test results.
15. What should someone do if they have an allergic reaction to the test?
In the rare event of an allergic reaction, individuals should seek medical attention immediately. Healthcare providers need to monitor for any adverse reactions following the administration of the test.
Why are TB Skin Tests Essential for Healthcare Workers?
Why Are TB Skin Tests Essential for Healthcare Workers? Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe and easily transmissible disease that primarily affects the lungs but can
How to Know When You Need a TB Skin Test and What to Expect
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